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Health of Gullah Families in South Carolina With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Self-management Analysis From Project SuGar

From the University of Iowa, School of Nursing (Dr Johnson-Spruill), Iowa City, School of Nursing (Dr Hammond), Department of Sociology (Dr McGee), Hampton University (Dr Davis), Hampton, Virginia, and Department of Psychology (Dr Louden), Lincoln University, Pennsylvania.

Correspondence to Ida Johnson-Spruill RN, PhD, LISW, 50 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242 (espruill{at}yahoo.com).

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to describe diabetes self-management practices and service utilization among Gullah families in South Carolina.

Methods

Data were obtained from 1276 persons with type 2 diabetes through interviews using the Family Health History Questionnaire. This was a primary analysis of a project conducted in conjunction with a parent study (Project SuGar) which focused on the molecular aspects of diabetes. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results

Diabetes self-management behaviors were not consistent with recommendations from the American Diabetes Association. Over half (55.6%) reported exercising, but only 27.7% reported self-glucose monitoring. Service utilization was poor, less than half, (41.1%) reported referral to a diabetic class/diet, 32.8% reported making yearly visits to the ophthalmologist, 22.3% reported visiting the dentist, and only 12.8% reported visiting the podiatrist.

Conclusions

Although some self-management behaviors were identified, Gullah family members remain at risk for preventable diabetes complications. Education must reflect behaviors and beliefs valued by Gullah individuals. Culturally appropriate educational programs may increase use of health care services aimed at decreasing preventable complications of type 2 diabetes in the Gullah population.

The Diabetes Educator, Vol. 35, No. 1, 117-123 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0145721708327535


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